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Intellectual Property Protection in Additive Manufacturing

Author: Laura Boen

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM), also known as 3D printing has developed over time from a plaything to a viable technology for the future of industry. Companies now have the ability to print components in a wide range of materials on-demand when and where they need them. Numerous international brands have begun to offer devices for the additive manufacturing of for example, prototypes or spare parts. Even though the printing process itself is deceptively simple, it is an extreme feat of technological innovation, and it remains quite a costly proposition. But as has always been the case with groundbreaking technologies, time will overcome these growing pains and establish AM as a regular part of the industrial experience.


What can be protected?

Intellectual property protection through the entire chain of AM can be a complex problem.

First, the object’s designer who has created a 3D blueprint of the piece with a specialized software tool. He would be interested in protecting his blueprints from theft and in having some means of tracking how many of his pieces are produced, irrespective of when and where in the world this happens.

Next, the dedicated and sophisticated software packages which translated the 3D design data into a layered model, because the actual printers create the pieces additively, i.e. layer upon layer.

Further, the printing process, which might in turn be affected by the material properties also need to be considered, as they might change over time or with changing temperatures.

Finally, the ability to count the number of printed objects must be included in the printer management itself (system) to ensure meaningful controls over the process.


Additive manufacturing is considered a future market – but the future starts today. Many sectors of industry have already realized its potential for small production runs. This great future potential will, however, be influenced substantially by the fact that the people printing the objects are not necessarily the people who own the rights to them. There are also opportunities for dedicated agencies that can take over 3D printing jobs for other businesses in their vicinity. All of this makes uncompromising Intellectual Property protection and flexible monetization options an absolute must for the technology.

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How to Legally Enclose Batik on a Product

Author: Nirma Afianita, Co: Fitriyani Wospakrik

Berdasarkan Kementerian Industri menjelaskan bahwa Batik adalah hasil karya bangsa Indonesia yang merupakan perpaduan antara seni dan teknologi oleh leluhur bangsa Indonesia. Setiap daerah memiliki pola dan ciri khas masing-masing. Batik itu sendiri dapat diimprovisasi dengan menggabungkan beberapa elemen dan menjadikan corak ataupun hasil batik yang baru yang dihasilkan dari penggabungan tersebut. Dan hal tersebutlah yang dapat didaftarkan. Sehingga hal ini akan membagi batik menjadi produk dagang dan batik sebagai warisan budaya.

Karya seni batik dapat dibagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu yang pertama dapat termasuk sebagai karya cipta yang dilindungi menurut pasal 40 ayat (1) huruf j Undang-undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang hak cipta. Yang dimaksud dengan “karya seni batik” adalah motif batik kontemporer yang bersifat inovatif, masa kini, dan bukan tradisional. Karya tersebut dilindungi karena mempunyai nilai seni, baik dalam kaitannya dengan gambar, corak, maupun komposisi warna. Karya seni batik yang dimaksud adalah suatu seni batik yang telah mengalami perubahan dan penyesuaian dengan masa saat ini. Selanjutnya[na1]  karya seni batik lainnya termasuk dalam Indikasi geografis yang diatur dalam Pasal 1 angka 7 undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Goegrafis yaitu hak atas indikasi geografis  yang terdaftar, selama reputasi, kualitas, dan karakteristik yang menjadi dasar diberikannya perlindungan atas indikasi geografis tersebut masih ada. Batik yang dimaksud dalam Indikasi Geografis adalah batik murni yang merupakan suatu temuan dari leluhur yang diturunkan turun menurun tanpa adanya perubahan dan merupakan batik dengan seni asli yang berkaitan dengan budaya suatu daerah.

Motif batik yang dimiliki setiap daerah memiliki karakteristik berbeda . Inilah yang dinamakan Indikasi Geografis yang memiliki arti suatu tanda yang menunjukkan daerah asal suatu barang dan/atau produk yang karena faktor lingkungan geografis termasuk faktor alam, faktor manusia, atau kombinasi dari kedua faktor tersebut, memberikan reputasi, kualitas, dan karakteristik tertentu pada barang dan/atau produk yang dihasilkan. Dalam hal ini, batik dapat dikategorikan sebagai Indikasi Geografis dikarenakan setiap daerahh memiliki ciri khas batiknya masing-masing, sehiingga batik daerah tertentu akan menunjukkan suatu ciri khas yang menonjolkan daerah tersebut. Hal itulah yang menjadikan bahwa batik dilindungi oleh Undang-Undang Indikasi Geografis.

According to the Ministry of Indonesia, Batik is the work of the Indonesian nation. It is the combination of ancestorial art and technology. Each region has its own patterns and characteristics. Batik can be improved by combining a few elements and making it a pattern to create a new form of batik. In doing so, it can be registered and covered. Batik can be understood to be a trading product, as well as Indonesia’s cultural heritage.

Batik artworks can be divided into two types: copyrighted works that are protected by article 40 paragraph (1) letter J of Law Number 28 of 2014 regarding copyright, and geographical indications regulated by Article 1 number 7 of Law number 20 of 2016 regarding Marks and Geographical Indications. To be classified as a geographical indication, it has to retain its reputation, quality, and characteristics that form the basis for the geographical indication protection. These kinds of batiks are also known as pure batiks as they are the derivative of their ancestors and cultures.

Batik artworks can be divided into two types: copyrighted works that are protected by article 40 paragraph (1) letter J of Law Number 28 of 2014 regarding copyright, and geographical indications regulated by Article 1 number 7 of Law number 20 of 2016 regarding Marks and Geographical Indications. To be classified as a geographical indication, it has to retain its reputation, quality, and characteristics that form the basis for the geographical indication protection. These kinds of batiks are also known as pure batiks as they are the derivative of their ancestors and cultures.

Batik artwork is a contemporary batik motif that is innovative rather than traditional. It is a protected art form because it contains an artistic value in its images, patterns, and color compositions. These innovative Batik pieces are changed and adjusted time and time again.

The batik motifs owned by each region have has its own batik characteristics, so that certain regional batiks will show a characteristic that accentuates the area. This is what is called a Geographical Indication, the meaning of a sign indicating the area of ​​origin of an item and/or product which due to geographical environmental factors including natural factors, human factors, or a combination of these two factors, gives a certain reputation, quality and characteristics to the goods and/or products. / or the resulting product. This is what makes batik protected by the Geographical Indications Act. 


Ketentuan Indikasi Geografis diatur dalam Pasal 53 Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis yaitu:

  1. Indikasi Geografis dilindungi setelah Indikasi Geografis
    didaftar oleh Menteri.
  2. Untuk memperoleh pelindungan Pemohon Indikasi Geografis harus mengajukan Permohonan kepada Menteri.
  3. Pemohon sebagaimana dimaksud merupakan:
  4. lembaga yang mewakili masyarakat di kawasan
    geografis tertentu yang mengusahakan suatu barang dan/atau produk berupa:
  5. sumber daya alam;
  6. barang kerajinan tangan; atau
  7. hasil industri;
  8. pemerintah daerah provinsi atau kabupaten/kota
  9. Ketentuan mengenai pengumuman, keberatan, sanggahan, dan penarikan kembali sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 14 sampai dengan Pasal 19 berlaku secara mutatis mutandis bagi Permohonan pendaftaran Indikasi Geografis.

Lebih lanjut lagi, dikarenakan ciri khas batik yang erat dengan budaya Indonesia menjadikan batik sebagai salah satu budaya seni yang telah mendarah daging dengan Indonesia. Sehingga apabila seorang yang ingin menggunakan desain batik pada produk yang ingin dijual, maka hal tersebut sah-sah saja. Maka dari itu, hal ini memberikan pengertian bahwa selama desain batik dan digunakan merupakan desain batik budaya, maka hal tersebut adalah suatu hal yang wajar dan legal untuk dilakukan. Sepanjang pihak tersebut menggunakan batik sesuai dengan tujuan peraturan dan bijaksana, mereka dapat menggunakan batik dalam produk mereka.

Berbeda dengan desain batik yang diciptakan oleh seseorang dengan kemampuannya sendiri dalam mengembangkan desain batik yang sudah ada dengan mengkombinasikannya dengan hal-hal yang lain sehingga terlihat lebih modern yang bertujuan agar penggemar batik atau produknya dapat meningkat. Hal tersebut akan berbeda dengan batik budaya. Dimana batik yang telah mengalami perubahan dan dikembangkan oleh seseorang dan telah mendapatkan perlindungan dan telah mendaftarkan Mereknya pada Dirjen Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Maka setiap orang yang ingin menggunakan desain tersebut wajib merujuk kepada pemilik desain.

The provisions of Geographical Indications are regulated in Article 53 of Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications, namely:

  1. Geographical Indications are protected after Geographical Indications are registered by the Minister
  2. In order to obtain protection, an Applicant for Geographical Indications must submit an application to the Minister. 
  3. The applicant as referred to is: 
    • an institution that represents the community in the area 
    • certain geographical that is working on an item and/or product in the form of: 
      • natural resources; 
      • handicraft items; or 
      • Industrial products; 
    • provincial or district/city governments 
  4. Provisions regarding announcements, objections, and withdrawals as referred to in Article 14 to Article 19 shall apply mutatis mutandis to Applications for registration of Geographical Indications.

Furthermore, because the characteristics of batik are closely related to Indonesian culture, batik is one of the artistic cultures that has been embedded with Indonesia. So if someone wants to use batik designs on the products they want to sell, then that’s fine. Therefore, as long as the batik design and use is a cultural batik design, then it is a natural and legal thing to do. As long as the subject uses batik accordingly and wisely, they can use the batik label on their product.

In contrast to batik designs created by someone with their own ability to develop existing batik designs into a more modern look, this will be different from cultural batik. Where batik has undergone changes, was developed by someone, has obtained a Copyright, and has registered its trademark to the Director-General of Intellectual Property Rights. So everyone who wants to use the design must refer to the owner of the design.


Pengusaha dapat memperoleh izin dagang melalui Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach sebagaimana yang tertera dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 tahun 2021. Dimana setiap Pengusaha wajib melakukan pendaftaran terhadap Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach untuk dapat melakukan dan menyelenggarakan usaha dagangnya.

Pengusaha yang telah melakukan pelanggaran terhadap Kekayaan Intelektual minimal akan menghadapi 2 (dua) tuntutan yaitu dari pengusaha lain atau kompetitor dan konsumen. Wujud perlindungan terhadap indikasi geografis yaitu sanksi bagi pelaku tindak pidana menyangkut indikasi geografis dan indikasi asal terdapat dalam Pasal 100 – 103 UU No. 20 Tahun 2016 tentang merek dan indikasi geografis.

Terhadap pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang dilakukan mencakup Indikasi geografis  dapat diajukan gugatan yang diatur dalam Pasal 26 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 2007 Menyatakan bahwa:

  1. Pengajuan gugatan terhadap pelanggaran dilakukan sesuai Pasal 57 ayat (1) dan pasal 58 Undang-undang nomor 15 Tahun 2001 tentang merek.
  2. Gugatan sebagaimana dimaksud dapat dilakukan oleh:
  3. Setiap produsen yang berhak menggunakan Indikasi geografis
  4. Lembaga yang mewakili masyarakat
  5. Lembaga yang diberi kewenangan untuk itu.
  6. Ketentuan mengenai tata cara pengajuan gugatan untuk indikasi geografis berlaku secara mutatis mutandis ketentuan pasal 80 Undang-undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2001 tentang merek.

Entrepreneurs can obtain the permit of trading through Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach as stated in Government Regulation No. 5 of 2021. On the other hand, every single entrepreneur must register and obtain the permit through Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach to run the business.

Entrepreneurs who have violated Intellectual Property will at least face two demands, namely from other entrepreneurs (competitors) and consumers. The form of protection against geographical indications, namely sanctions for perpetrators of criminal acts concerning geographical indications and indications of origin are contained in Articles 100 – 103 of Law no. 20 of 2016 concerning brands and geographical indications. 

Violations that do include a geographical indication may file a lawsuit under Article 26 of Government Regulation No. 51 of 2007 and declare that: 

  1. The filing of a lawsuit against the infringement is carried out in accordance with Article 57 paragraph (1) and Article 58 of Law Number 15 of 2001 concerning Marks. 
  2. The lawsuit as referred to can be made by: 
    1. Every producer who has the right to use geographic indications 
    2. Institutions that represent the community 
    3. The agency is authorized to do so. 
  3. Provisions regarding the procedure for filing a lawsuit for geographical indications apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of Article 80 of Law Number 15 of 2001 concerning marks.
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Joint Webinar:Afia & Co – IP March: Intellectual Property Indonesia & China

14.30-16.05 (GMT+7) Jakarta 雅加达
Session – I (Presented in Chinese)
Why Prioritize Intellectual Property in Indonesia is Important?
(Investment and Intellectual Property Protection related to Regulation in Indonesia)

第一节(中文)
第一个链接-优先级为何重要印度尼西亚的知识产权保护?
(印度尼西亚投资与知识产权相关法规。)

Speakers 演讲人:
Yunarto Zeng 曾伟龙
Lawyer | 律师
Partner Afia & Co. | 合伙人 Afia & Co.

Nirma Afianita
Registered IP Consultant | 知识产权顾问
Managing Partner Afia & Co.| 管理合伙人 Afia & Co.


16.15-17.50 (GMT+7) Jakarta 雅加达
Session II – Session – II (Presented in English)
What You Need to Know about Protecting Your Intellectual Property Rights in China?
(Trademark and Invention Protection related to China Intellectual Property Regulation)

第二场(英语发言)
了解怎么在中国保护您的知识产权?
(与中国知识产权的相关法规。)

Speakers 演讲人:
Stephen Yang 杨勇
Patent Attorney | 专利律师
Managing Partner IP March | 管理合伙人 IP March

Nina Li 李娜
Trademark Attorney | 商标律师
Partner IP March | 合伙人 IP March

Host | 主持人:
Yanhong Yang 杨彦鸿 – Patent Attorney | 专利律师
Partner IP March | 合伙人 IP March

Renat Sofie
Research & Public Relation Afia & Co.
研究与公共关系 – Afia & Co.

📆  *Date 日期 : Thursday, 4 March 2021 / 2021年3月4日,星期四
⏰  *Time 时间 : 14.30 – 17.50 (GMT+7) Jakarta 雅加达
🏣  *Location 地点: (online/网络) zoom

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